vertebrates

An Oxford-led study warns nearly 8,000 vertebrate species face unsuitable conditions by 2100 from combined heat and land-use stress, while a separate Nature Climate Change paper finds that protecting biodiversity hotspots would halve the land available for forestation-based carbon removal.

Paleontologists report paired discoveries from China that rewrite the early chapter of bony fish evolution and, by extension, the evolutionary lineage leading to all living vertebrates including humans.